Molecular Biology & Genomics Centre

Pathogen Identification


Molecular based methods like PCR, Real-Time PCR and more recently next generation sequencing (NGS) have revolutionized the field of veterinary diagnostics. At MBG, we offer detection of pathogenic viruses, bacteria and parasites using molecular methods, which are fast and highly sensitive to detect microbial pathogens in various specimens. MBG is an ISO 17025 accredited facility and benefits from an isolated containment level 3 facility for processing highly (level 3) contagious pathogens.


All Bacteria Virus Fungi Parasite


Validated
Assay Code APS-204
Description Salmonella is a genus of rod-shaped (bacillus) Gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The two species of Salmonella are Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongoriS. enterica is the type species and is further divided into six subspecies that include over 2,600 serotypes. Salmonella was named after Daniel Elmer Salmon (1850–1914), an American veterinary surgeon.
Salmonella species are intracellular pathogens; of which certain serotypes cause illness. Most infections are due to ingestion of food contaminated by animal feces, or by human feces, such as by a food-service worker at a commercial eatery. Salmonella serotypes can be divided into two main groups—typhoidal and nontyphoidal. Nontyphoidal serotypes are zoonotic and can be transferred from animal-to-human and from human-to-human.
They usually invade only the gastrointestinal tract and cause salmonellosis, the symptoms of which can be resolved without antibiotics.
Most people who get ill from Salmonella have diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps. Symptoms usually begin 6 hours to 6 days after infection and last 4 to 7 days.

Method Real-Time PCR
Sample Type
Stool, Swab/Secretion (Rectal)
Transport Condition Samples should be transported at 4°C and delivered within 24h of collection
Turn Around Time (TAT) Normal Turnaround time for pathogen Identification is within 5 working days.
Urgent Samples will be reported within half of the minimum test period & will be Charged Double.
Samples delivered after 11:00 AM will be processed next working day unless urgent.

Links

Accredited
Assay Code APV-195
Description SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, belongs to the genus Betacoronavirus and was firstly identified in humans in January 2020. It is primarily transmitted through droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks in close vicinity to other individuals. People can also become infected by touching surfaces that have been contaminated with the droplets of infected persons. The time from exposure to onset of symptoms is typically around five days but may range from two to 14 days.

Common symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, and loss of sense of smell and taste. Complications may include pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure, septic shock, and blood clots.

Method Real -Time RT-PCR
Sample Type
Accredited : Swab / Secretion (Respiratory)
Alternatives : Culture
Transport Condition Samples should be transported at 4°C and within 24 hours of collection.
Turn Around Time (TAT) Normal Turnaround time for pathogen Identification is within 5 working days.
Urgent Samples will be reported within half of the minimum test period & will be Charged Double.
Samples delivered after 11:00 AM will be processed next working day unless urgent.

Links

Accredited *
Assay Code See Below
Description Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi var. equi) is the bacterium which causes the highly contagious disease strangles (also known as "distemper"). Strangles commonly affects young horses (weanlings and yearlings), but horses of any age can be infected. Following natural infection, a carrier state of variable duration may develop and intermittent shedding of the pathogen may occur. The organism is transmitted by direct contact with infected horses or sub-clinical shedders, or indirectly by contact with: water troughs, hoses, feed bunks, pastures, stalls, trailers, tack, grooming equipment, nose wipe cloths or sponges, attendants' hands and clothing, or insects contaminated with nasal discharge or pus draining from lymph nodes of infected horses. Streptococcus equi has demonstrated environmental survivability particularly in water sources and when protected from exposure to direct sunlight and disinfectants, and can be a source of infection for new additions to the herd.

Vaccination against S. equi equi is recommended on premises where strangles is a persistent endemic problem or for horses that are expected to be at high risk of exposure. S. equi equi and S. equi zooepidemicus are antigenically similar organisms. However, exposure to, or vaccination against, one does not confer reliable immunity to the other.

Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) is a B-hemolytic, Lancefield group C streptococcal bacterium. S. zooepidemicus is considered an opportunistic commensal in horses, but it may also cause infections in other domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs, and cats. S. equi zooepidemicus is antigenically similar to S. equi equi and shares >98% DNA sequence homology with S. equi equi which causes strangles, a highly contagious and serious disease in horses.

Pathogens Tested
  • APS-043 : Streptococcus equi subspecies equi*
    (This assay includes the detection of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus)
  • APB-044 :Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus*
    (This assay includes the detection of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus)
  • APS-042 :Streptococcus equi subspecies equi - Animal Health Trust UK Licenced
    (This assay includes the detection of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi)

* Accredited Tests.

Method Real-Time PCR
Sample Type
Guttural pouch flush, Swab/Secretion (Respiratory), Swab/Secretion (Abscess), Culture.
Transport Condition Samples should be transported at 4°C.
Turn Around Time (TAT) Normal Turnaround time for pathogen Identification is within 5 working days.
Urgent Samples will be reported within half of the minimum test period & will be Charged Double.
Samples delivered after 11:00 AM will be processed next working day unless urgent.

Links




Molecular Biology & Genomics Centre

Pathogen Identification


Molecular based methods like PCR, Real-Time PCR and more recently next generation sequencing (NGS) have revolutionized the field of veterinary diagnostics. At MBG, we offer detection of pathogenic viruses, bacteria and parasites using molecular methods, which are fast and highly sensitive to detect microbial pathogens in various specimens. MBG is an ISO 17025 accredited facility and benefits from an isolated containment level 3 facility for processing highly (level 3) contagious pathogens.


All Bacteria Virus Fungi Parasite


Validated
Assay Code APS-204
Description Salmonella is a genus of rod-shaped (bacillus) Gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The two species of Salmonella are Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongoriS. enterica is the type species and is further divided into six subspecies that include over 2,600 serotypes. Salmonella was named after Daniel Elmer Salmon (1850–1914), an American veterinary surgeon.
Salmonella species are intracellular pathogens; of which certain serotypes cause illness. Most infections are due to ingestion of food contaminated by animal feces, or by human feces, such as by a food-service worker at a commercial eatery. Salmonella serotypes can be divided into two main groups—typhoidal and nontyphoidal. Nontyphoidal serotypes are zoonotic and can be transferred from animal-to-human and from human-to-human.
They usually invade only the gastrointestinal tract and cause salmonellosis, the symptoms of which can be resolved without antibiotics.
Most people who get ill from Salmonella have diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps. Symptoms usually begin 6 hours to 6 days after infection and last 4 to 7 days.

Method Real-Time PCR
Sample Type
Stool, Swab/Secretion (Rectal)
Transport Condition Samples should be transported at 4°C and delivered within 24h of collection
Turn Around Time (TAT) Normal Turnaround time for pathogen Identification is within 5 working days.
Urgent Samples will be reported within half of the minimum test period & will be Charged Double.
Samples delivered after 11:00 AM will be processed next working day unless urgent.

Links

Accredited
Assay Code APV-195
Description SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, belongs to the genus Betacoronavirus and was firstly identified in humans in January 2020. It is primarily transmitted through droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks in close vicinity to other individuals. People can also become infected by touching surfaces that have been contaminated with the droplets of infected persons. The time from exposure to onset of symptoms is typically around five days but may range from two to 14 days.

Common symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, and loss of sense of smell and taste. Complications may include pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure, septic shock, and blood clots.

Method Real -Time RT-PCR
Sample Type
Accredited : Swab / Secretion (Respiratory)
Alternatives : Culture
Transport Condition Samples should be transported at 4°C and within 24 hours of collection.
Turn Around Time (TAT) Normal Turnaround time for pathogen Identification is within 5 working days.
Urgent Samples will be reported within half of the minimum test period & will be Charged Double.
Samples delivered after 11:00 AM will be processed next working day unless urgent.

Links

Accredited *
Assay Code See Below
Description Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi var. equi) is the bacterium which causes the highly contagious disease strangles (also known as "distemper"). Strangles commonly affects young horses (weanlings and yearlings), but horses of any age can be infected. Following natural infection, a carrier state of variable duration may develop and intermittent shedding of the pathogen may occur. The organism is transmitted by direct contact with infected horses or sub-clinical shedders, or indirectly by contact with: water troughs, hoses, feed bunks, pastures, stalls, trailers, tack, grooming equipment, nose wipe cloths or sponges, attendants' hands and clothing, or insects contaminated with nasal discharge or pus draining from lymph nodes of infected horses. Streptococcus equi has demonstrated environmental survivability particularly in water sources and when protected from exposure to direct sunlight and disinfectants, and can be a source of infection for new additions to the herd.

Vaccination against S. equi equi is recommended on premises where strangles is a persistent endemic problem or for horses that are expected to be at high risk of exposure. S. equi equi and S. equi zooepidemicus are antigenically similar organisms. However, exposure to, or vaccination against, one does not confer reliable immunity to the other.

Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) is a B-hemolytic, Lancefield group C streptococcal bacterium. S. zooepidemicus is considered an opportunistic commensal in horses, but it may also cause infections in other domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs, and cats. S. equi zooepidemicus is antigenically similar to S. equi equi and shares >98% DNA sequence homology with S. equi equi which causes strangles, a highly contagious and serious disease in horses.

Pathogens Tested
  • APS-043 : Streptococcus equi subspecies equi*
    (This assay includes the detection of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus)
  • APB-044 :Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus*
    (This assay includes the detection of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus)
  • APS-042 :Streptococcus equi subspecies equi - Animal Health Trust UK Licenced
    (This assay includes the detection of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi)

* Accredited Tests.

Method Real-Time PCR
Sample Type
Guttural pouch flush, Swab/Secretion (Respiratory), Swab/Secretion (Abscess), Culture.
Transport Condition Samples should be transported at 4°C.
Turn Around Time (TAT) Normal Turnaround time for pathogen Identification is within 5 working days.
Urgent Samples will be reported within half of the minimum test period & will be Charged Double.
Samples delivered after 11:00 AM will be processed next working day unless urgent.

Links